Understanding Root Canals
A root canal is a treatment used to save a tooth that has an infection or damage deep inside. Every tooth has a soft center called the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels that help keep the tooth healthy.
When this pulp gets infected—usually from a deep cavity, a cracked tooth, or an injury—it can cause pain, swelling, or sensitivity. If left untreated, the infection can spread and may lead to losing the tooth. A root canal removes the infected pulp, cleans the inside of the tooth, and seals it to stop future problems. This helps ease the pain and keeps your natural tooth in place.
When Do You Need a Root Canal?
Most root canals are done when tooth decay has reached the pulp. This often happens if a cavity goes untreated for too long. A cracked or broken tooth can also lead to pulp exposure, making it easier for bacteria to get in.
You might need a root canal if you have:
- Ongoing or severe tooth pain
- Pain when chewing or touching the tooth
- Sensitivity to hot or cold that doesn’t go away
- Swelling or tenderness near the gums
- A tooth that has darkened in color
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to visit the dentist as soon as possible.
Who Can Get a Root Canal?
To see if a root canal is needed, your dentist will examine your tooth and may take an X-ray. If the pulp is infected or exposed, a root canal is often the best way to relieve pain and save the tooth.
This treatment is very common and safe. It helps restore your comfort while avoiding more serious dental issues.
What Happens During the Procedure?
The root canal process starts with numbing the area using local anesthesia, so you stay comfortable. A small cover, called a dental dam, is placed around the tooth to keep it clean and dry.
Next, the decayed part is removed to reach the infected pulp. Using special tools, the dentist gently cleans out the pulp and disinfects the inside of the tooth. After that, the space is filled with a protective material, and the tooth is sealed with a filling.
In most cases, a crown is added later to protect the tooth and restore its full strength and shape.
Root canals may sound intimidating, but they’re a safe and effective way to treat infection and keep your natural tooth healthy for years to come.